Flumazenil
(floo´maz
nil´), a benzodiazepine antagonist used to reverse the effects of benzodiazepines after sedation, general anesthesia, or overdose.
nil´), a benzodiazepine antagonist used to reverse the effects of benzodiazepines after sedation, general anesthesia, or overdose.n brand name: Romazicon;
drug class: benzodiazepine receptor antagonist;
action: antagonizes actions of benziodiazepines on the central nervous system;
use: reversal of sedative effects of benzodiazepines.
drug class: benzodiazepine receptor antagonist;
action: antagonizes actions of benziodiazepines on the central nervous system;
use: reversal of sedative effects of benzodiazepines.
0.2 milligrams administered at 10:50 a.m in an effort to counteract the Ativan.
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[...] Flumazenil [...]
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Will you provide the transcripts from the pre-trial and the trial please?
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As soon as I get them I will post them.
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This drug did not show up on the autopsy toxicology report as being present in MJs system. ??????
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I hadn’t noticed that, but I’ve been back through the toxicology report thoroughly and you are absolutely correct. Interesting that ephedrine was found, though, and Murray made no mention of administering it. I’ve been able to find nothing that indicates a chemical correlation between the two drugs, but I’ll keep looking.
Why would Murray specifically identify a drug he didn’t administer?
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About the ephedrine, it’s an over-the-counter drug, so anyone could have provided it to MJ, not just Murray or another doctor.
If ephedrine is over-the-counter, why do coroners test for it? Mostly because it’s also a breakdown product of methamphetamine. In fact, the toxicology report lists ephedrine as part of a “methamphetamine panel”, meaning is was part of a series of tests for methamphetamine. Why did the coroner’s office test MJ for methamphetamine? My guess is, it’s just a standard test they run in every toxicology investigation.
Ephedrine is currently sold over-the-counter only as an asthma treatment. (It used to also be sold as a diet pill.) The coroner’s report said that a half-empty box of ephedrine pills was found in MJ’s bedroom. I’d guess MJ was taking the ephedrine in the hopes that it would help with his lung problems. Unfortunately, ephedrine also has pronounced stimulant properties (which MJ may not have known about, since it’s sold for asthma, not as a stimulant). So, it probably made his insomnia and loss of appetite worse.
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Now that the EMT reports are out we know why ephedrine was found in his system: they administered it to him in an effort to get his heart started. The things you learn!
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Epinephrine was used in the attempts to restart his heart, not ephedrine. (Epinephrine is the “technical” name for adrenaline.) The two have similar names, and even similar effects, but they are not the same drug. The body naturally makes epinephrine (adrenaline), but not ephedrine.
I really think Michael was taking the ephedrine for his lung problems. According to the autopsy, his lung problems were quite severe (although not severe enough to kill him.) The ephedrine probably did make him feel better and breathe more freely. Unfortunately, it had side effects that would have really been a problem for him (although again, not enough to be a factor in his death.)
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Ephedrine is not used in cardiac resuscitation, epinephrine is. The 2 have slightly similar structures but are not used for the same purpose. Epinephrine is metabolised in the body to other compounds not ephedrine. Whilst ephedrine is not and remains unchanged in structure hence it apprears in the urine as ephedrine. Another point the toxicology tests are very sensitive they can differientiate between the 2 drugs particularly as epinephrine is commonly used in resus. So ephedrine appearing in the urine sample means it was ingested.
According to the prelim hearing, we now know that Dr Murray asked the Vegas Pharmacist to compound a “natural energy” supplement presumably (initially) for his own use. The formula contained aspirin, caffeine and ephedrine, 30 caps were made and the formula ie recipe for this was not specified. However we now know that Michael had it in his system so it was given to Michael by the dr. The coroner’s report reported the capsules (14) were found amongst Michael’s meds.
Caffeine and ephedrine both stimulate the central nervous system, so one if its effects is that it keeps you awake and alert. Why would you give this to an insomniac?
So my question is, were these capsules given to worsen Michaels insomnia, so that he would require such large doses of benzodiazepines and propofol or were they given to reverse the drowsiness of the benzos? No wonder the IV benzos didn’t work. Whatever came first, cause or effect, the dr was simply incompetent.
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Flumazenil is given to reverse the effects of benzodiazepines. It is the standard antidote for benzo overdose or poisening. So according to the coroners report there was 1 open ampoule of this found the room. Did the dr administer it or not? There was testimony that flumazenil was found in one of the syringes/tubing along with propofol and lidocaine. So I really don’t know what type of medicine this dr was practicing.
Giving the flumazenil would at least show that he tried to save Michael’s life after he found him not breathing, by reversing all the benzo he had administered.
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